Why is Quantum Computing Superior than Supercomputers?

 

US researchers created a brand-new energy-based quantum advantage benchmark and used it to

show that noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers use orders of magnitude less energy

than the most potent supercomputer in the world. The study of technologies based on the concepts

of quantum theory is the main goal of the computer science subfield known as quantum computing.

By making use of the special characteristics of quantum physics, quantum computing resolves issues

that are too complicated for traditional computing. With quantum computers getting bigger and more

dependable, the question of whether they can perform calculations beyond even the most potent

conventional supercomputer is becoming more and more important.

This capability, known as "quantum supremacy," signifies the quantum computer's transformation

from a scientific curiosity to a practical tool. According to scientists, quantum computing is superior

to supercomputers because it completes operations a million times more quickly. Because they are

created using laws of quantum mechanics that go beyond those of traditional physics, quantum

computers can readily handle complex calculations.

Supercomputers and quantum computers are incredibly potent tools for problem-solving,

data processing, and sophisticated calculations. Both have the potential to revolutionize computing

technology, but they differ greatly in terms of speed and capabilities. A calculation that would have

taken the most powerful computer in the world 10,000 years to complete was completed in 2019 by

Google's quantum computer.

A definition of quantum supremacy, or the superiority of quantum computers, was put forth by

theoretical physicist John Preskill in 2012. It is known as the point at which quantum computers

can complete jobs that conventional computers cannot. Supercomputers use a conventional

computing strategy with several processors to quickly crunch enormous volumes of data and

produce a single result. The processing capacity of these machines is the highest in terms of

raw power, but they can only handle one task at once due to Moore's Law, which states that

computer processor speeds double every two years. On the other hand, quantum computers

use the principles of quantum physics to process data in ways that conventional computers cannot,

leading to noticeably quicker processing speeds. Supercomputers are subject to the standard laws

of physics.

The system runs more quickly the more processors there are. Due to their utilization of the

computational capabilities of quantum physics, quantum computers are more efficient than

supercomputers. China claimed to have created a quantum computer in 2020 that was 100

trillion times quicker than any supercomputer at doing calculations. They are capable of managing

several activities at once and solving difficult issues that take supercomputer months to do so.

Quantum computers, however, need more upkeep than conventional computers since they are

more sensitive to temperature fluctuations and need to be shielded from outside effects.

Despite the fact that in the noisy intermediate scale, or NISQ, the era of machines, quantum

computers and quantum-inspired algorithms can be helpful for combinatorial tasks like traffic

pattern prediction as well as issues with cybersecurity and cryptography. However, a number

of factors will need to change with the technology in order for quantum computers to truly depart

from the NISQ era and move towards "quantum advantage," where better results in domains like

drug design, computational chemistry, financial modeling, and weather forecasting are anticipated.

These factors include, but are not limited to, the number of logical qubits within the system, drastically

cutting decoherence times and improving error correction.

Quantum computing provides multidimensional spaces that allow us to see how the patterns

connecting individual data points form, in contrast to ordinary computers that process data in binary

1s and 0s and can only switch between the two variables. As a result, you are actually solving issues

utilising a quantum algorithm, which can help in ways that were previously unthinkable in order to

identify patterns and solutions. Quantum computers employ qubits to execute multidimensional

quantum algorithms, whereas conventional computers use bits to solve problems. In terms of

speed and power, quantum computers outperform supercomputers.

They are perfect for handling complicated problems that call for the speedy processing of enormous

volumes of data since they can carry out several computations at once. Supercomputers are capable

of handling a greater variety of tasks, but they can only operate on one at once. However, when we

directly contrast them, it becomes clear that quantum computers might be thought of as a subset of

supercomputers. Like supercomputers, quantum computers are anticipated to excel at a single activity

rather than displace conventional desktop and laptop computers. In fact, they might need a lot of

upkeep and properly supervised data centers
to work.